及早规划建设我国市郊铁路和城际铁路

Plan and Build Suburban Railway and Intercity Railway Early in China

研究目的:通过研究对比东京、巴黎、伦敦等典型世界城市扩展和市郊铁路和城际铁路发展的历史和经验,找到我国许多城市存在交通拥堵、环境污染等问题的重要原因是没有建立以轨道交通为骨干的公共交通体系,城市结构不合理,二者都与市郊铁路和城际铁路规划和发展严重滞后有关。本文呼吁扭转有些城市"先城内地铁后城外市郊铁路和城际铁路"的思想,在重视市内地铁、轻轨规划建设的同时,及早规划和建设市郊铁路及城际铁路。研究结论:(1)市郊铁路除提供交通运输服务外,更重要作用是支撑城市人口、资源、产业聚集和扩散,引导和支撑城市布局、结构调整优化,与城市发展互相促进;(2)东京、巴黎、伦敦等城市市郊铁路先于地铁出现和发展,线路长度占市域铁路总长的约90%;(3)市郊应尽量通过或伸入市中心,与地铁有机衔接;(4)我国城市以轨道交通为骨干的公共交通系统建设滞后,市郊铁路及城际铁路更滞后;(5)我国有些城市规划单条地铁过长、地铁总量过大,而市郊铁路规划过少,轨道线网结构不合理;(6)我国城市要借鉴巴黎等世界城市特别要借鉴东京的有益经验,抓紧补齐市郊铁路及城际铁路建设的短板。

Research purposes： Through comparative study of city＇ s expansion and the development experience and history of the suburban railways of Tokyo, Paris, London and other typical world, an important reason of traffic congestion, environmental pollution to find in many Chinese city is why they have not established the public transport system with rail transit as the backbone, and city layout is not reasonable because of serious lag of suburban railway and intercity railway planning and development. This paper calls on reversing the thought ＂ first subway then suburban railway and intercity railway＂ in some Chinese city, planning and building suburban railway and intercity railway early subway at the same time of planning and building subway and light rail in the city. Research conclusions： （ 1 ） In addition to provide transportation services, the more important role of the suburban railway is to support the city population, resource, industry agglomeration and diffusion, guide and support the city layout and structure adjustment, promote city development. （2） Suburban railway emerged and developed before the subway, and the length of suburban railway line accounted for about 90% of the total length of city railways in Tokyo, Paris, London city. （3）The suburban railway should as far as possible pass through or into the downtown, linking up the subways. （4）The city public transportation system with the rail transit as the backbone lags in our country, and the suburban railway and Intercity railway more lag. （5） In many Chinese city, the planned rail network structure is not reasonable because some single metro line is too long and metro total amout is too large, but the planned suburban railway length is too small. （6） Chinese cities should learn from Paris and other cities of the world with special reference to Tokyo＇s experience, minimize the weaknesses of suburban and intercity rail construction.