问答互动中的言语行为选择——侦查讯问话语语用研究之四

Choices of Speech Acts in Question-Answer Interaction——Pragmatic Study of Police-Suspect Interview Ⅳ

问答言语互动序列的背后是一系列直接言语行为和间接言语行为的选择。侦查讯问作为一种程式性的问答言语事件,受刑事诉讼法律框架的限制。侦查员和犯罪嫌疑人分别扮演问话人和答话人的角色。他们在以问话和答话表达式履行着提问和应答行为的同时,还间接选择了表断言、指令、责备的无疑问话和表反驳、质疑、回避、辩解和承诺的应对行为。问答交替进行,互为前提,不仅是填补信息空缺的语用行为,更是推进和完成侦查讯问任务、实现交际目的的重要策略。

Question-answer interaction sequences consist of series of direct and indirect speech act choices. Police-suspect interview, as a ritualized question-answer speech event, proceeds under the framework of criminal procedural law. Policemen and suspects play the role of questioner and answerer by choosing direct speech acts of questioning and answering and by choosing indirect speech acts of assertive, directive, expressive and rebutting, discrediting, evading, defending, promising respectively at the same time. Questions and answers proceed in sequence independently. They are not only pragmatic speech acts to seek informa- tion, but essential strategy to fulfill institutional task and interactive ~oal as well.