化妆品中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质对女大学生的累积暴露风险评估

Cumulative Risk Assessment of Phthalate Pollution in Cosmetics among Female College Students

[目的]检测化妆品中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质(phthalate esters,PEs)的分布与含量,对女大学生接触PEs的累积暴露水平和健康风险进行评估。[方法]采用气相色谱-质谱法检测17种PEs类物质在99种样品中的分布和含量;通过问卷调查上海市两所高校女大学生的化妆品使用方式;采用累积暴露风险评估的方法判别上海市女大学生因接触化妆品来源的PEs而出现的健康风险。[结果]17种受检的PEs中,有10种PEs至少在1种化妆品样品中被检出,检出率最高的为邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)(48.5%),其次为邻苯二甲酸二(2-甲氧基)乙酯(DMEP)(10.1%)。上海市女大学生通过使用化妆品接触的PEs类物质最多的是DMEP和DEP(几何均数分别为38.0μg/d和28.6μg/d),其次分别为邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)(几何均数分别为7.1、3.8和3.8μg/d)。采用危害指数法(hazard index,HI)对女大学生接触上述5种PEs的平均水平和最高水平进行累积风险评估,获得的HI值分别为0.01和0.4,均小于1。[结论]化妆品中可检出多种PEs类物质,但其检出水平对女大学生人群造成的健康风险相对较小。

[Objective] To detect the concentrations of phthalate esters （PEs） in cosmetics and to assess the health risk of PEs in female college students. [Methods] Seventeen kinds of PEs in 99 cosmetic samples were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Usage of cosmetics in female students from 2 colleges in Shanghai was surveyed by questionnaire. Health risks of PEs for female students were assessed by cumulative risk assessment. [Results] The test results showed that 10 out of 17 PEs were detected in at least one cosmetic sample. The highest detection rate was observed for diethyl phthalate （DEP） （48.5%）, followed by bis（2-methoxyethyl） phthalate （DMEP） （10.1%）. DMEP and DEP were the most exposed PEs in the selected female college students （geometric means were 38.0 μg/d and 28.6 μg/d respectively）, followed by bis（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP） （7.1 μg/d）, diisobutyl phthalate （DIBP） （3.8 μg/d）, and dibutyl phthalate （DBP） （3.8 μg/d）. The average levels and the maximum levels of the above 5 PEs were used for cumulative risk assessment and the corresponding values of hazard index （HI） were 0.01 and 0.4 respectively, both far less than 1. [Conclusion] Though multiple PEs are detected in cosmetic products, such exposure levels raise a relative low level of health risk in the target female college students.