钢铁企业作业工人高血压患病现况及其影响因素

Hypertension Status and Related Impact Factors in Steel Workers

［目的］ 分析钢铁企业作业工人高血压的现况，探索钢铁工人高血压的影响因素，为降低钢铁行业职业人群发生高血压的风险提供科学依据。 ［方法］ 选取唐山市某钢铁企业一线操作的男性职工908 人为观察组，其他从事管理及后勤工作的男性职工609 人为对照组。采用统一问卷调查研究对象的健康状况，采用统一标准测量研究对象的血压水平，按照国家监测规范进行企业日常环境的高温和噪声监测。应用SPSS 13.0 软件进行统计学分析，通过单因素及多因素logistic 回归分析，研究钢铁企业作业工人高血压的影响因素。 ［结果］ 观察组高血压患病率（44.1%）高于对照组（34.7%），差异有统计学意义（P 〈 0.05）。按血压水平和年龄分层后，观察组高值血压率和高血压患病率分别为46.4%和41.5%，均高于对照组（41.6%和38.8%）。特别是在30- 岁年龄组，观察组高值血压率和高血压患病率分别为51.0%和36.5%，均高于对照组（46.0%和32.3%），差异均有统计学意义（P 〈 0.05）。暴露高温和（或）噪声、BMI、饮酒是影响钢铁企业作业工人发生高值血压的危险因素；BMI、油炸食品摄入、饮酒、高血压家族史、吸烟、暴露高温和噪声是影响高血压发生的危险因素。 ［结论］ 肥胖、油炸食品摄入多、饮酒、高血压家族史、吸烟、暴露高温和噪声可增加钢铁工人高血压发生的危险。

[Objective] To analyze hypertension status and related impact factors in steel workers, and to provide scientific basis for controlling their risk of hypertension. [Methods] Male front-line workers （n=908） of a steel enterprise in Tangshan city were selected for observation group; male administrators and supporting crew （n=609） were selected for control group. Unified questionnaires were delivered to collect information on health status. Blood pressure levels were measured by standard method. High temperature and noise were monitored in accordance with the national standards. SPSS 13.0 was applied to statistical analysis. Single factor and multiple factor regression analyses were conducted to evaluate selected impact factors of hypertension in steel workers.[Results] The hypertension prevalence rate in the observation group （44.1%） was higher than that of the control group （34.7%） （P 〈 0.05）. After stratified by blood pressure level and age, both the prevalence rates of normal high blood pressure and hypertension （46.4% and 41.5%） in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （41.6% and 38.8%）. Especially in the 30-39 age group, the prevalence rates of normal high blood pressure and hypertension （51.0% and 36.5%, respectively） in the observation group were statistically higher than those in the control group （46.0% and 32.3%, respectively） （P 〈 0.05）. High temperature and noise, body mass index （BMI）, and drinking were the risk factors for elevated blood pressure in steel workers. BMI, fried food intake, drinking, family history of hypertension, smoking, and exposure to high temperature and noise were the risk factors of hypertension.[Conclusion] Adiposity, fried food, drinking, family history of hypertension, smoking, and exposure to high temperature and noise may increase the risk of hypertension in steel workers.