从粳稻的比较优势看豫南“籼改粳”

Look at“Indica Rice to Japonica Rice”in the South of Henan Province from the Compara- tive Advantages of Japonica Rice

基于粳稻的品种特性和豫南稻麦耕作制度，在豫南种植粳稻相对于种植籼稻有产量高、品质优、茬口好三大优势。粳稻品种产量水平比籼稻高70kg／667m2左右，麦茬粳稻比麦茬籼稻高100kg／667m2以上；粳米适口性好，价格比籼米高30％～50％。种植粳稻技术上要求推迟播种，可以提高资源利用率，避免麦茬稻秧龄过长导致的减产，适应机械插秧、抛秧和小麦套种技术的应用，有利于水稻的规模化、专业化生产，推动豫南稻麦耕作方式和生产方式的转变。本文对豫南地区“籼改粳”的前景进行了展望，并对江淮流域“籼改粳”的核心技术提出了建议。

Based on the variety characteristics of japonica rice and rice-wheat farming system, planting japonica rice compared to in- dica rice has three advantages of high yield, good quality and useful to following wheat planting in south of Henan Province. The yield of Japonica rice is 70 kg/667 m2 higher than that of indica rice, the yield of japonica rice after wheat is 100 kg/667 m2 higher than that of indica rice; japonica rice has good palatability and the price is 30%-50% higher than that of indica rice. It is suggested to postpone sowing date in planting japonica rice that can improve resource utilization, avoid production reduction due to long seedling age of rice following wheat, adapt to mechanization planting, seeding throwing and the application of wheat intercropping techniques, conducive to large-scale and specialisation rice production and promote the changes of rice-wheat farming system and production mode in southern Henan province. The article shows a broad prospect in ＂indica rice to japonica rice＂ in the south of Henan province and make recommendations on the core techniques in ＂indica rice to japonica rice＂ in Huaihe river basin.