载脂蛋白E基因多态性对广西红水河流域长寿人群血脂水平的影响

Influence of ApoE gene polymorphisms on lipid levels in the long-lived individuals residing in Guangxi Hongshuihe basin

目的：探讨载脂蛋白E（ApoE）基因多态性与广西红水河流域长寿人群血脂水平及长寿的相关性。方法：采用PCR—RFLP技术对该地区521名壮族长寿老人（≥90岁，长寿组）和496名普通健康人（40～69岁，对照组）进行Ap0E基因分型，并检测血压、血糖及血脂（TC、TG、HDL—C和LDL—C）等指标。结果：（1）在研究人群中，ApoE基因型频率以E3／3为最高，E2／3、E3／4次之，E2／2、E4／4最低；长寿组等位基因ε2和基因型E2／X的频率均高于对照组，而ε4和E4／X的频率均低于对照组，这些趋势无性别差异。（2）长寿组的TC、HDL—C和LDL—C水平均高于对照组，而TG水平低于对照组；组内分析发现，无论是长寿组或对照组、男性或女性．当基因型从E2／X向E3／3和E4／X变化时，血清TC及LDL-C水平逐渐增加，而TG水平逐渐减少．结论：广西红水河流域长寿人群富集ApoE优势基因型，并与血脂水平密切相关，可能是该流域长寿现象的分子遗传学基础之一。

Objectives To investigate the correlations between apoprotein E （ApoE） gene polymocphisms and serum lipid levels, longevity in the long-lived individuals living along the Hongshuihe basin in Guangxi. Methods PCR-RFLP technique was employed to genotype the ApoE gene in 521 long-lived subjects （more than 90 years old, long-lived group） and geographic and ethnic matched healthy controls （40-69 years old, non-long-lived group）. Lipid levels （TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C）, blood pressure and blood glucose were measured. Results In the overall population studied, the most dominant ApoE genotype was E3/E3, followed by E2/3 and E3/4, with E2/2 and E4/4 accounting for the least prevalent; allele ~2 and genotype E2/X were highly expressed while allele ~4 and genotype E4/X were meagerly expressed in long-lived group than those in non-long-lived group; and these trends did not change after sex stratification. The serum levels of TC, HDL-C and LDL-C were higher, while the level of TG was lower in long-lived group than those in non-long-lived group. Within group analysis revealed that an increasing tendency of TC and LDL-C levels and a decreasing trend of TC level occurred when genotype was switched from E2/X toward E3/E3 and E4/X, irrespective of whether the subjects were male or female, were in long-lived group or in non-long-lived group. Conclusions Favorable ApoE genotypes appeared to cluster in the long-lived cohort inhabiting in Guangxi Hongshuihe basin and exerted beneficial effect on their lipid levels, which may be one of the molecular bases of the longevity in this area.