北伐前广东农民运动中国民党的身份冲突与调谐

The KMT's Identity Conflict and Coordination in Guangdong Peasant Movement Before the Northern Expedition

北伐前国民党在广东兼有执政党与国民革命党的双重身份,在广东农民运动中,存在冲突。在国民革命的背景下,国民党中央倾向于支持农民阶级的利益诉求,以换取农民对国民革命的支持。但作为基础不牢的执政党,为维持政权稳定,国民党不敢也不能将斗争的矛头直接指向掌控乡村政权的士绅地主阶层。孙中山、廖仲恺等国民党领袖采取了渐进式的农民运动发展策略,试图在革命与维稳之间维持平衡,调谐革命与执政的身份冲突。但农民运动有自身的发展逻辑,农民斗争的演进轨迹超出国民党领导层的预期,党政各方自觉不自觉地卷入农民与地主的激烈斗争中。广东革命政权完全巩固以前,左派的主张占据上风,且因农民运动有力地支持了统一战争,国民党对农民运动大体持积极态度。"中山舰事件"后,维稳的需要压倒了革命的信念,中派控制的国民党中央态度转为消极。

Before the Northern Expedition, the KMT had double identities in the Guangdong Province. It is the ruling party, and also the National Revolutionary Party. There was a conflict between these two identities when the KMT promoting the Peasant Movement In Guangdong Province. In the background of the national revolution, the KMT Central was inclined to support the interest demands of the peasant class, in return for their support for the National Revolution. However, the KMT＇ s regime was not solid enough, In order to maintain social stability, it did not dare nor can spearhead the fight directly to the gentry and landlord class which controlled the rural regime. Sun Yat- sen, Liao Zhongkai and other KMT leaders adopted a gradual Peasant Movement route, trying to maintain a balance between revolution and social stability＇ and ease the conflict between two identities. But the peasant movement has its own law of development, the intensity of the struggle between the peasantry and the landlord class beyond KMT leadership＇ s expectations, the KMT and government consciously or unconsciously involved in these struggles. Before the revolutionary regime fully consolidated in Guangdong, the Left wing＇ s view prevailed, and also because of the Peasant Movement strongly supported the unification war, the KMT holded a positive attitude on the peasant movement. After the ＂Zhongshan warship incident＂ , the need to maintain a stable overwhelmed revolutionary beliefs, the KMT Central which was controlled by the Middle wing become negative on the Peasant Movement.