全波形反演研究现状及发展趋势

Research status and development trend of full waveform inversion

全波形反演技术是当前勘探地球物理领域的研究热点之一。新一轮的全波形反演研究触及了波场模拟、梯度估计、数据预处理、目标泛函的选择等诸多深层次的内容,逐渐将全波形反演对实际观测系统、地震数据等要求的局限性以及其具备的潜力揭示出来。通过对全波形反演理论和技术研究进展及应用现状的全面调研,介绍了全波形反演算法研究从时间域到频率域、再到混合域和拉普拉斯域的发展进程;阐明了全波形反演技术已实现海上地震资料应用但对陆上地震资料还没有真正成功实例的应用现状;着重分析了陆上资料全波形反演应用的瓶颈主要在于观测系统的限制、低频数据的缺失、数据预处理面临的挑战以及近地表条件和激发-接收的影响等;指出了发展分步骤、分尺度的反演方法和反演策略以及多种手段的有效联合是实现陆上资料全波形反演的有效途径。

Full waveform inversion（FWI）is one of the hot issue in the geophysics exploration. The new round study involvees in many deeper issues,such as wavefield simulation,gradient estimation,data pre-processing,objective function and so on. Those further studies reveal the limtations of geometry and seismic data, as well as the potiential of FWI,through an overall investigation on the FWI theory,technology and application status,we introduce FWI development,from time domain to frequency domain and Laplace domain,especially to the hybrid domain. It is shown that FWI has been already successfully used in the marine data,however it is still a challenge in land data application;bottlenecks of the land data application are analyzed,such as limitation of geometry,lack of low-frequency component of data,the challenge of data pre-processing,the near surface conditions and source-receiver limitation of land acquisition;Finally it is concluded that step-by-step hierarchical multi-scale strategies and combination of different methods would be available to realize the land data FWI application.