矿产资源开发利用的生态环境价值补偿研究

Study on Ecological Environment Value Compensation of Mineral Resources

资源经济时代,矿产资源的大规模开发带来了生态环境危机,其负外部性已超过外部经济。因此,矿产资源开发利用必须补偿相应的负外部性成本,即将消耗的公共物品与公共资源价值纳入矿产资源价值。相比较而言,征收庇古税是一种较好的解决负外部性的方法。因此,建议小范围的短期负外部性由直接谈判进入生产者成本,具体通过地方政府征收相应的环保和生态保护基金或税进入生产者成本,或普遍对全部碳排放行为征收碳税,或者在消费环节征税。最普通的、也许最有效的方法是在消费环节或矿产品制成品的销售环节,以矿产品消费税形式征收与矿产资源消费相关的负外部性成本或所消耗的生态环境资源租。

Large-scale mining has brought ecological crisis, its negative externalities over the external economy in resource economy era. Therefore, the exploitatiott and utilization of mineral resources must be compensated for the cost of negative externalities. It means the value of mineral resources include consumption of public goods and the value of public resources. In comparison, the Pigou tax is a good solution to negative externalities. Therefore, small-scale and short-term negative externalities by direct negotiations are included the producers cost. For example, local government environmental and ecological protection funds or tax included in the cost of producers, or generally a carbon tax on all carbon emissions behavior, or spending is taxed. The most effective way is the cost of negative externalities associated with the consumption of mineral resources in the marketing chain of consumer links or mineral manufactures, mineral form of consumption tax levied or consumed in the ecological environment of resource rent.