死者的权利

Rights of the Dead

通说认为死者不享有权利,有利于死者的法律规则被简单地解释为控制、激励和制裁生者的行为。然而立法与司法对"权利"用语的坚持,不仅表明生者尊重死者的内在期待,亦引导了身后权利法律规则的发展。在身后权利的创设中,尊严和自主扮演了重要角色。不过,身后权利并非毫无限制,而是受到不可能性、重要性、时间点以及生者与死者利益冲突的制约。此外,赋予身后权利也必须考虑如何行使的问题。

Common theory hold that the dead do not have rights. And the legal rules favoring the dead be explained simply as an attempt to control, incentivize, punish and empower the actions of the living. However the consistent using of ＂rights＂ language by lawyers not only demonstrates the innate desire among the living to honor the wishes of the dead, but also guide the develop- ment of legal rules about posthumons rights. When posthumons rights are granted the dignity and the autonomy plays an important part. However, there are limits to the setting of the posthumous rights. The lectors are impossibility, the right＇ s importance, time limits on rights, and conflicts of interest between the living and the dead. Moreover, we should think the ways to realize the posthumous rights.