辽河典型支流水生态功能三级区水生态系统健康评价

Aquatic Ecological Health Assessment of the Third Level Aquatic Eco functional Zones for Typical Tributaries of Liaohe River

在辽宁省辽河流域水生态功能三级区与河流水生态野外调查基础上,以辽河流域的清河、汎河两条典型一级支流为研究对象,采用主成分分析与相关性分析方法筛选水生态系统健康评价指标,构建了由总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、化学需氧量(COD Cr)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、溶解氧(DO)、藻类香农多样性指数(DAA)、底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI)、鱼类完整性指数(F-IBI)、生境指数、水文指数10个指标构成的水生态系统健康综合评价指标体系,体现了河流水生态系统的物理完整性、化学完整性和生物完整性特征。研究结果表明,清河与汎河流域11个水生态功能三级区中,水生态健康等级1个(Ⅳ-5-4),亚健康等级6个(Ⅳ-5-1、Ⅳ-5-2、Ⅳ-5-3、Ⅳ-5-9、Ⅳ-5-10、Ⅳ-5-11),一般健康等级3个(Ⅳ-5-12、Ⅳ-5-13、Ⅳ-5-14),较差健康等级1个(Ⅳ-5-8)。清河与汎河流域水生态系统总体健康状态从其上游河流源头至下游入辽河干流汇入口呈现逐渐恶化的空间分布特征,且与流域人类活动强度具有密切关系。

Based on the survey of the third level aquatic eco- functional zones of Liao River basin in Liaoning Province and the investigation of its ecosystem, with two typical rivers（Qing River and Fan River） as the selected cases and the water ecosystem health assessment indicators for the principal component analysis（PCA） and the correlation analysis, this paper has constructed the comprehensive assessment indicator groups made of ten parameters： EC, TP, TN, CODCr, BOD5, DAA, DO, DAA, B- IBI, F- IBI, hydrologic index and habitat index, which reveal the integrated physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the rivers in the studied areas. It is shown that among the 11 third level aquatic eco-functional zonings at Qing River and Fan River basins, one zone（Ⅳ-5-4） is evaluated as in the healthy level, six zones（Ⅳ-5-1、Ⅳ-5-2、Ⅳ-5-3、Ⅳ-5-9、Ⅳ-5-10、Ⅳ-5-11） are in sub-healthy level,three zones（Ⅳ-5-12、Ⅳ-5-13、Ⅳ-5-14） are in the ordinary level and one zone（Ⅳ-5-8） is in a poor level. The overall healthy characteristics of thespatial distribution in Qing River and Fan River zonings are gradually deteriorated from the source of the rivers to the end of Liao River, with a close relationship with the human activities.