中央与地方、国家与社会:推进国家治理现代化的双重维度

The Central and Local Governments,State and Society: Double Dimensions of Promoting Governance Modernization in Contemporary China

我们需要思考,要如何推进当代中国国家治理体系和治理能力的现代化。从威权主义政治形态下的国家治理学术研究来看,我们的话语权基本被垄断,少有创见。在中央与地方、国家与社会两个维度的国家治理经验方面,可分别归纳为"代理型地方发展主义模式"和"运动式治理模式",前者主要是中央政府"做对了激励";后者主要是各级政府普遍使用"地方国家统和主义"的做法。未来国家治理不能回避四个问题:大国如何治理?为了什么而竞争?在地方上谁代表国家?社会治理如何创新?答案是将中央与地方实践性分权的动态博弈过程回归到法理型权威治理和制度化分权的轨道上来,赋予地方治理大胆实践创新的空间与能力;在国家与社会双向互动关系中改变地方性的政府统合主义途径,激活体制改革红利,释放社会潜力与活力,实现赋权增能双赢发展。最后指出,通过做好的社会科学研究,赋予国家治理实践理论指导,大有可为。

We need to think that how to promote the modernization of contemporary Chinese national governance systems and governance capabilities? In the perspective of authoritarianism research, domestic discourse power was complete covered and less of creative ideas. Both of governance experiences between central and local, state and society are summarized as 'Agent of local developmentalism model' and 'Campaign-style governance model' respectively, the former one is that mainly the central government 'do the right incentives'; latter one is that commonly the local government adopt approach of 'local state corporatism'. The next four issues we could not be avoided: How big country make a good governance? What local governments compete for? Who represent the country at the local level ? How social governance be innovated? A sort of answers mainly include that a legal-authority and institutionalized decentralization between central and local must be established by the process of dynamic game so that giving local governance more innovative space and capacity; changing the approach of local state corporatism in a two-way interaction between state and society, releasing potential and vitality of the community, achieving empowerment and win-win development. Finally, theoretical guidance could be more useful to national governance practices by doing better social science research, and we will have a brilliant future.