玻尔原子结构理论的历史重构

A Historical Reconstruction of Bohr's Theory of Atomic Structure

文章仔细回顾并剖析玻尔在1913年至1923年期间建构的原子结构理论和两个原子模型的过程和方法,从而主张玻尔提出的原子理论玻尔原子结构模型不是依靠严格的数学推理得出,而是依靠多种现象进行非线性的经验建构过程,是在元素周期性、元素原子价以及化学成键过程中的化合价等信息和普朗克量子作用理论、光谱线、电离能、X射线之间寻求一致性说明和普遍联系的一个复杂过程。将这些经验信息巧妙地整合到一起的方法,玻尔更像一位交响乐指挥。

This paper reviews and analyzes Bohr＇ s method in constructing the theory of atomic structure and the two atomic models from 1913 to 1923 ,claiming that Bohr got them not from strict mathematical reasoning,but rather,it is a process of nonlinear empirical construction, a complex process in which consistent explanations and universal relations are sought between spectral lines, ionization energies, X - ray spectra, the periodic properties of the ele- ments, chemical valence and information on valent and covalent chemical binding. So, in integrating this empirical information, Bohr appeared more like a director of a symphony than a logician.