经济增长中技能人才的发展轨迹研究——基于日本和中国的比较

Study on the Development Trajectory of Skilled Workers in Economic Growth——Based on the Comparison between Japan and China

在经济高速发展时期,中国的技能人才占总人口的比重低于日本,表明中国的经济增长更多得益于廉价劳动力的数量优势而非劳动力质量提升;中国技能人才的就业弹性低于日本,表明存在巨大的技能人才供给缺口。进入低增长转型期,中国技能人才的就业弹性将高于日本,表明经济发展对技能人才的需求强度高于日本。未来中国将科技进步和创新作为加快转变经济发展方式的重要支撑,经济发展对技能人才的需求主要表现为对现代制造业技能人才、现代服务业技能人才、现代农业技术工人和现代农林牧渔种(植)养(殖)加(工)技能人才的井喷式需求。

During the high-speed economic growth period, the proportion of skilled workers in the total population in Chi- na was lower than that of Japan, which indicates that China＇s economic growth benefits more from cheap labors than from labor quality improvement; besides, the employment elasticity of skilled workers in China was lower than that in Ja- pan, which indicates that there has been a supply shortage of skilled workers. The employment elasticity will be higher than that in Japan with lower economic growth rate and economic transformation, which indicates that there will be more urgent demand for skilled workers in China. Using the scientific and technological progress and innovation as an impor- tant support to accelerate the transformation of economic development pattern, there will be a strongly demand for skilled workers with modern manufacturing skills, modern service industry skills, modern agricultural skills and fanning skills.