戴家洲河段航道整治工程对“四大家鱼”产卵场的影响

Influence of Daijiazhou River Waterway Regulation Project on the Four Major Chinese Carps Spawning Grounds

"四大家鱼"的产卵、繁殖与水文、水力学条件密切相关。以长江黄石段"四大家鱼"产卵场为例,采用河道平面二维数学模型预测分析不同特征流量下戴家洲河段航道整治工程实施后对本江段流态、水位、流速等水文变化的影响,进而研究航道整治工程对"四大家鱼"产卵场的影响。研究表明,航道整治工程实施后,最枯流量下,3道潜丁坝均在水面2.5 m以下,不会对鱼类产生阻隔;潜丁坝区域从洪峰开始上涨到最高时,流速最大变化为-0.038^-0.05 m/s,占产卵流速4.2%~15.2%;水位变化3~5 mm。工程运行后基本不改变"四大家鱼"适宜产卵流速,基本不会影响"四大家鱼"现有产卵场所需的产卵水文条件。

The spawning and propagation of the four major Chinese carps are closely related with the hydrological and hydraulic conditions of the river. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of Daijiazhou River waterway project on the spawning grounds of four carps. The investigation was made on the spawning grounds at Huangshi section of the Yangtze River. The flow regime, the water level, the flow velocity and other hydrological conditions of this section were simulated and predicted by using the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The re- sults showed that three spur dikes would not block the fish after the waterway regulation, as they were 2.5 m below the surface under the low flows; the submerged spur dikes would not affect the required flow velocity of the four carps during the spawning time, as the largest change of the current was -0. 038 - -0.05 m/s during the peak flows which only accounted for 4.2% - 15.2% of the spawning velocity, the water level change was just 3 - 5 mm. In conclusion, the project would not affect the hydrological conditions for the four carps spawning grounds.