7类重要蔬菜中农药残留风险分析

Risk Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Seven Categories of Vegetables

为全面了解和掌握郑州市蔬菜农药残留现状，为政府和相关部门的管理提供依据，2010—2012年对郑州市蔬菜生产基地七大类21种蔬菜开展了农药残留监测工作，采用危害物风险系数法评估农药残留的风险性。结果表明：所检测的32种农药中有30种农药被检出，检出率大于5％的农药有溴氰菊酯、百菌清、三唑酮、腐霉利及五氯硝基苯。农药残留超标率随季节呈“正弦线”的变化趋势，不同类蔬菜农药残留平均超标率大小表现为鳞茎类〉绿叶菜类〉芸薹类〉豆类〉瓜类〉根茎类〉茄果类。蔬菜中氧化乐果的风险系数大于2．5，为高度风险；毒死蜱、甲拌磷的风险系数介于1．5～2．5，为中度风险；其余检测的农药残留风险系数均小于1．5，为低度风险。

Pesticide residues in vegetables were monitored in order to comprehensively investigate the current status in Zhengzhou, Henan province, in 2010-2012, and to provide the basis for its manage- ment. We carried the pesticide residue analysis of 21 kinds of vegetables,belonging to seven categories in Zhengzhou vegetable production base. The results showed that among 32 pesticides monitored, 30 kinds were detected from the vegetable samples, and the pesticides with detection rate of more than 5 % were deltamethrin, chlorothalonil, triadimefon, procymidone and PCNB. The exceeding rate of pesticide residues had a tendency of Sinusoidal line with seasons, whose tendency from higher to lower was bulb vegeta- bles,green leafy vegetables, brassica vegetables, bean-like vegetables, melon-like vegetables, tuber-like vegetables and eggplant-like vegetables. Meanwhile, the risk factor of omethoate residue was more than 2.5 in vegetables,which was thought high risk; and that of chlorpyrifos and phorate was between 1.5 and 2.5,which were thought middle risk; the risk factor of the rest pesticide residues was lower than 1.5, which were thought low risk.