甘南藏区放牧制度及其时效性评价

Grazing system and its timeliness in the Gannan Tibetan regions

放牧制度是甘南藏区重要的生产关系之一,其决定着草地利用的合理程度。本研究采用查阅文献和问卷调查相结合的方法,分析了我国甘南藏区放牧制度的时效特征。结果表明,我国甘南藏区放牧制度主要经历了农奴制游牧制度、社会主义游牧制度和社会主义家庭承包放牧制度3个阶段,其替代和演变过程主要受控于放牧制度是否适应于生产力的发展。抽样调查结果表明,50%以上的牧民对目前放牧制度不满意,主要原因是当前收入过低,约50%的牧民处于贫困状态。71%的牧民希望改进目前放牧制度,以期提高收入,改善家庭生活,其中,超过50%的牧民认为未来放牧制度应采用草地分类经营管理放牧制度。

Grazing system is one of important production relations in the Gannan Tibetan regions, anddetermines the rational degree of grassland use. The grazing system and its timeliness in the Gannan Tibet-an regions was discussed in this study by combining documents from China National Knowledge Infrastruc-ture （CKIN） and questionnaires from herders. This study showed that the grazing system in Tibetan region of China went through three stages, including nomadic system of feudal serfdom, nomadic system of socialism and household contract system of socialism, and their replacement was regulated by responding of grazing system to production relations. The questionnaires results showed that over 50% of herders were dissatisfactory with current grazing system due to low income, in which 50% of herders was in the state of poverty. Over 71% of herders thought that the current grazing system should be improved to increase their income and life condition, in which over 50% of herders selected the classification manage- ment for grazing grassland as future pattern of grazing system.