长江流域的人口迁移、农业开发及土地利用方式

Population migration,agricultural development and land utilization patterns in the Yangtze River Basin

长江流域的农业开发经历了4个阶段(地广人稀的粗放型垦殖阶段-跨流域移民对平原地区的集中开发阶段-流域内移民对丘陵山区的过度开发阶段-巨大人口压力下的农业发展停滞阶段)。在此过程中,种植杂粮和经济作物、改进耕作形式和发展生态农业等土地利用方式为缓解由人口增长造成的耕地不足、粮食短缺等问题起到了积极作用。长江流域土地利用的发展趋势表明,调整农业开发模式、优化农业内部结构将成为农业实现可持续发展的主要途径。在当前农业发展几近停滞的形势下,长江流域土地利用方式的转变也为全国农业发展提供了重要经验。

Agricultural development in the Yangtze River Basin has experienced four stages： extensive cul- tivation stage, plain area developed stage by the immigration from the Yellow River Basin, mountain and hilly area developed stage by the interior migration in the Yangtze River Basin and the log stage under the huge population pressure. Along with the agricultural development, various patterns of land utilization have been formed, including growing cereals and economic crops, improving the ways for cultivation and developing ecological agriculture which played a positive role in relieving the problems caused by the con- flict between excess increasing in human population and the shortage of cultivated land and food supply. The developmental tendency of land utilization patterns in the Yangtze River Basin shows that optimizing agricultural structure and adjusting agricultural developing model will be the major way to realize the agri- cultural sustainable development. Nowadays, the improving ways in land utilization in the Yangtze River Basin has provided an important experience for the stagnated national agricultural development.