三峡水库运行后江滩环境变化对江苏省血吸虫病疫情的影响

Effect of environmental change in marshland after implementation of Three Gorges Reservoir Project on schistosomiasis in Jiangsu Province

目的探讨三峡水库运行后长江江苏段江滩钉螺孳生环境变化对血吸虫病传播的影响。方法收集三峡水库运行前后长江江苏段水情资料、江苏省沿江地区江滩滩情资料及血吸虫病病情和螺情资料,并结合典型滩块现场钉螺调查进行综合分析。结果三峡水库蓄水后,长江江苏段水位呈逐年下降趋势。与建坝前(2002年)相比,三峡水库蓄水175 m后,1-3月份水位提高0.41 m,4-12月份水位降低0.32 m。在水库建成逐渐运行期间,江苏省沿江地区血吸虫病疫情呈下降趋势,2012年全省沿江地区感染性钉螺面积降为0,人群血清学检测阳性率为0.73%,病原学检测阳性率为0.004%。结论三峡水库运行后,长江下游江苏省沿江地区血吸虫病病情和螺情均呈下降趋势。

Objective To investigate the effect of environmental change in marshland after the implementation of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project on schistosomiasis in Jiangsu Province. Methods The hydrologic data of Nanjing City in Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River,and the data regarding the marshlands,the snail status and schistosomiasis morbidity in areas adjacent to the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province were collected,and field snail surveys were performed in typical marshlands. Results Following the implementation of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project,the water level in Nanjing section of the Yangtze River appeared a year-dependent gradual decline tendency. The mean peak water level on January to March,2012（spring）increased by 0.41 m as compared to that before the construction of the project in 2002,while the peak water level on April to December,2012 decreased by 0.32 m as compared to that before the construction of the project in 2002. The endemic situation of schistosomiasis showed a decline tendency in areas adjacent to the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province. The area with infected snails along the Yangtze River was 0,the positive rates of serological tests and parasitological tests of the population were 0.73% and 0.004%,respectively in 2012. Conclusions Both the schistosomiasis morbidity and snail status appear a decline tendency in areas adjacent to the Yangtze River along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,Jiangsu Province after the implementation of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project.