学校何谓 学校何为——学校教育的明确目标及其理论支撑

What Schools are For and Why

英国学校教育的目的在于帮助每个年轻人过上令人满意的生活并帮助他人达到这个目标。基于此,年轻人应当具有四项重要的个人素质:(1)个人成就,即他们能自由且全身心地投入到有价值的活动和关系中并取得成功;(2)社会与公民参与,即个人的成就和与他人打交道密切相关,学生应当诚实公正、善良和尊重别人;(3)为经济作出贡献,即年轻人应当具有进取心、灵活性、独立性、合作性和冒险精神等必要的品质,对环境问题与经济发展变化也有敏感性;(4)实践智慧,即年轻人需要具备良好的判断力。为此,学校的课程设置须使学科教育与其他教学类型共同协作以符合整体目标。

The English school curriculum aims at helping every young person to live a fulfilling life and to help others to do so. Thus young people are required to be equipped with four kinds of personal qualities, including personal fulfilment （success in worthwhile activities and relationships which they have freely engaged in and which they pursue wholeheartedly）, social and civic involvement （one＇s own fulfilment is closely intertwined with other people＇s and students are required to be truthful, fair, friendly and respectful）, contribution to the economy （young people should have the qualities such as enterprise, flexibility, independence, cooperativeness and willingness to take risks, and they should also be sensitive to the environmental issues connected with economic changes}, and practical wisdom（young people need good judgment in practice）. Therefore the school curriculum provision must coordinate disciplinary education with other types of teaching in order to conform to the overall aims.