环境介质中黑碳定量方法的研究进展

Development of Quantitative Methods of Black Carbon in Different Environmental Matrixes

黑碳是由生物质和化石燃料等不完全燃烧产生的含碳物质连续统一体,广泛存在于大气、土壤、沉积物、水体和雪冰等环境介质中,涉及到气候变化、环境影响、碳循环、健康危害等诸多问题,是国内外科学家近年来共同关注的热点。黑碳的准确定量是各项研究开展的重要前提,但不同环境介质中黑碳定量方法的建立和优化仍是黑碳研究体系的难点。文章全面总结了大气、土壤、沉积物和水体中黑碳定量方法的研究进展,指出:热光反射法在黑碳气溶胶定量方面具有广阔的应用前景;化学氧化法与热光法相结合是土壤/沉积物中黑碳定量研究的发展趋势;水体溶解态黑碳是近年来的研究热点,其定量研究目前主要采用苯多羧酸分子标志物法,但定量机理和方法优化亟待深入探究。

Black carbon （BC） as the broad continuum of carbonaceous materials produced from biomass burning to fossil fuel incomplete combustion exists ubiquitously in different environmental matrixes, such as atmosphere, soil, sediment, water and ice core. Due to its significant effects on climate, environment, carbon cycle and human health, BC has become one of the hot topics in recent years. Accurate quantification of BC is the precondition of all BC studies. However, how to establish and optimize the quantitative methods of BC in different environmental mediums remains a difficult issue. The state of art in quantification methods of BC in various environmental matrixes was summarized, and thermo optical reflectance method has shown to be more and more widely applicable in the quantification of BC aerosol. Combination of chemical oxidation and thermal optical analysis represents a tendency of quantification of BC in soil and sediment. Dissolved BC in the water as a hotspot recently is usually determined by adopting benzene polycarboxylic acids （BPCAs） as molecular markers. However further studies on the mechanism of quantification and method optimization are still needed.