高坝过鱼设施在长江流域的应用探讨

Discussion on the Application of High-head Fish Passage Facilities in Yangtze River

长江流域水电开发对河流的连通性产生了巨大影响,特别是高坝水电站对鱼类的阻隔作用明显。修建过鱼设施是减缓阻隔不利因素的有效措施。通过介绍鱼闸、升鱼机和集运鱼系统这3种高坝过鱼设施的类型和特点,分析其在国外应用的效果,并借鉴国外的建设经验,指出设计中应注意的问题,探讨高坝过鱼设施在长江流域的适用性,为缓解水电开发对长江流域生态环境的不利影响提供理论支撑。

The hydropower development in Yangtze River has brought great finfluences especially the harmful effects of high head barriers to migratary fish. Fish passage facility is a kind of effective measure to mitigate blocks. For high head scheme, three high head fish passage facilities,namely fish lock,fish lift and trap and truck were introduced about their development and applications. Then we compared the using effects in some countries, and pointed out the questions that should be attentioned in designing by using their constructing experience for reference. In the end, the application of high head fish passage facilities in Yangtze River basin was discussed,and some problems to be solved at present were put forward. It can provide theoretical support for remitting adverse effects of hydropower development in basin.