从故障树浅析合成氨装置液氨储罐的安全运行管理

A Brief Analysis on Operation Safety Management of Liquid Ammonia Tank for Synthetic Installation With Fault Tree

目的分析可能导致合成氨装置液氨储罐泄漏的原因和影响因素,提出保证液氨储罐安全运行的对策措施。方法运用故障树分析法,把液氨储罐系统中可能发生的泄漏事故做为顶上事件,可能导致泄漏的各种原因为基本事件,研究它们之间的逻辑关系和演变途径并用树形图来直观表示[1]。结果建立液氨罐泄漏故障树,对查找出的33个基本原因事件进行定性研究,计算出发生事故的58种可能故障组合、事故途径及其对液氨储罐泄漏的影响程度。结论故障树对复杂系统的危害识别或事故原因分析直观明了,能对危害或原因事件的主次和对策措施的重点提供依据,从而制定针对性安全措施[2]。

Objective To analysis the potential causes and influencing factors leading to leakage of liquid ammonia tank for synthetic installation,and put forward countermeasures to ensure the operation safety. Methods With fault tree method,the possible leakage accidents were set as top events and the possible causes were set as elementary events. The logistic relationship and changing routes were analyzed and visualized with tree diagram. Results With establishment of fault tree,33 elementary events were determined and analyzed with qualitative methods. Fifty eight possible combined faults,fault routes were calculated and their influences to leakage of liquid ammonia were evaluated. Conclusion The fault tree is straightforward for identifying the hazards in complex system and analyzing accident causes,and is capable of providing basis for priority order of causal accidents and key countermeasures for formulating pertinent safety measures.