乙炔氢氯化反应无汞催化剂的制备及应用

Preparation and Application of Non-Mercury Catalysts for Acetylene Hydrochlorination

以硝酸处理过的椰壳活性炭做载体,锡、铜等金属氯化物为活性组分,采用等体积溶液浸渍法制备了用于乙炔氢氯化反应的无汞Sn-Cu/C催化剂和不同助剂添加量的Sn-Cu-M/C催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)和物理化学吸附仪对其进行了表征。采用常压固定床反应器考察了催化剂的优化反应工艺条件。结果表明.采用酸处理后的活性炭的比表面积与孔径都有明显增加,且催化剂的金属活性组分在载体表面分散均匀。优化反应工艺条件为:反应温度170℃,体积空速30h-1,原料配比V(HCl)/V(C2H2)=1.05。在该条件下考察催化剂的催化反应性能,结果表明,Sn-Cu/C催化剂的初活性可以达到98%以上,选择性达99%。在添加不同量的助剂组分后,在同样反应条件下,催化剂的活性及稳定性均有较大提高,在反应近20h后,催化剂乙炔转化率达到98%,选择性达到99%。

Sn-Cu/C and Sn-Cu-M/C catalysts with different auxiliaries for hydrochlorination of acetylene-activated carbon as the carrier has been treated with the concentrated nitric acid and Sn ,Cu and other metal chloride as active components-were prepared by the wet equivalent-volume impregnation and characterized by XRD and BET .The analytical results indicate that the active constituents are highly dispersed on the surface of carrier which having larger surface area and bigger bore diameter after acidic treatment .Then ,optimized reaction conditions ,reaction temperature 170 ℃ ,space velocity 30 h-1 ,feed volume ratio V （HCl）/V （C2 H2 ） 1 .05 ,were obtained in atmospheric fixed bed reactor .The catalytic performances of Sn-Cu/C and Sn-Cu-M/C catalysts with different auxiliaries was investigated under the optimized reaction conditions .The experimental results show that Sn-Cu/C catalyst has good initial activity ,the acetylene conversion and the selectivity of chloroethylene is over 98.0% .The catalytic activity and stability are improved after adding to the different auxiliaries under the metion-aboved reaction conditions ,the acetylene conversion and the selectivity of chloroethylene is over 98 .0% .