北京市山区小流域主沟道水文地貌调查与分级

Hydromorphological investigation and classification of streams in mountainous areas of Beijing

以北京山区小流域主沟道为研究对象,研究小流域主沟道水文地貌调查要素及分级方法。以沟道河床、河岸及缓冲带、河滩地、河流整体为主要调查与评价因子,将北京山区小流域主沟道水文地貌划分为极好(Ⅰ级)、好(Ⅱ级)、中等(Ⅲ级)、差(Ⅳ级)、极差(Ⅴ级)5个等级,并对开展水文地貌修复工程的7条小流域和全市567小流域主沟道进行分级,结果表明:全市山区567条小流域,调查主沟道总长度为4 258 km,属于Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级的沟段长度比例分别为64.85%、14.02%、9.56%、8.76%和2.81%,其中Ⅱ级及以上的沟段长度占到总长的78.87%。研究成果将为北京市及全国河流水文地貌生态修复、生态清洁小流域建设提供重要参考。

The hydromorphological investigation and classification of streams in mountainous areas of Beijing was conducted with river bed,bank,riparian zone,flood land,etc.as main objectives.The hydromorphology of 567 streams in mountainous areas of Beijing is divided into five classes：high （Ⅰ）,good （Ⅱ）,moderate （Ⅲ）,poor （Ⅳ）,and bad （Ⅴ）.The results showed that the total length of the main streams was 4 258 km and percentage of the class Ⅰ to Ⅴ was 64.85％,14.02％,9.56％,8.76％,and 2.81％,respectively.Streams of classes Ⅰ and Ⅱ together accounted for 78.87％ of the total length.The results provide important reference for the hydromorphological and ecological restoration and eco-cleaning of small watersheds in Beijing or even the whole country.