北京市社区精神分裂症与抑郁症患者疾病和生活现况对比研究

Illness Situation and Living Condition of Patients with Schizophrenia and Depression in Community of Beijing

目的对比分析社区精神分裂症与抑郁症患者疾病和生活的现况。方法采用随机抽样法于2012-08-10—10-30抽取北京市东城区、朝阳区、房山区和顺义区的4个社区的精神分裂症患者122例,抑郁症患者124例,采用社区精神分裂症和抑郁症患者疾病和生活现况调查问卷对其进行调查,包括患者的一般情况、疾病治疗现况、人际关系现况、收入和居住现况。结果精神分裂症组与抑郁症组患者性别、年龄、病程、文化程度和婚姻状况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者药费来源及阻碍患者康复的因素比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组服药情况、病情状况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。精神分裂症组监护人与患者关系、监护人与患者交谈情况、监护人关注患者工作情况及病情、监护人与患者每月争吵情况、邻居对患者的态度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组监护人关注患者结交朋友、婚姻恋爱、将来前途、服药情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。精神分裂症组患者月均收入、家庭月均收入及家庭人均居住面积较抑郁症组均增高(P<0.05)。结论社区精神分裂症和抑郁症患者是特殊的弱势群体,目前其病情控制均欠佳,生活状况不好。阻碍患者康复的因素精神分裂症患者主要为自卑感,抑郁症患者主要为经济困难,监护人更关注精神分裂症患者结交朋友、婚姻恋爱、将来前途及服药情况。积极加大社区精神卫生服务的投入,进一步提高社区精神分裂症和抑郁症患者的防治康复效果,改善其生存质量,是我国今后精神疾病防治康复工作努力的方向。

Objective To compare the illness situation and living condition of patients with schizophrenia and depres- sion in the community. Methods 122 patients with schizophrenia and 124 patients with depression in communities of Dongcheng, Chaoyang, Fangshan and Shunyi districts from August 10 to October 30 in 2012 were selected. Questionnaires on illness situation and living condition were used to make a survey on the patients, including general information, treatment, interpersonal relation- ship, income and residence. Results The sex, age, course of disease, education background and marriage condition showed no statistically significant difference between patients with schizophrenia and patients with depression （ P 〉 0. 05 ） ; The source of expenses for medicine and unfavorable factors for recovery showed statistically significant differences （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; The medication compliance and illness situation showed no statistically significant difference （P 〉 0. 05 ） . The relationship between guardians and patients, communication between guardians and patients, the attention paid to the working condition and illness situation of the patients by the guardians, quarrels between guardians and patients and the attitude of neighbors towards the patients showed no statistically significant difference （P 〉 O. 05 ） . The attention paid by the guardians to the patients＇ friends, marriage, future and medication compliance showed statistically significant differences （P 〈 O. 05 ） . The patients＇ income, family income per month and living area per person showed statistically significant differences （ P 〈 0.05 ） . Conclusion Patients with schizophrenia or depression in the community are special vulnerable people. At present both their illnesses situation and living condition are not good. The major unfavorable factors for recovery for schizophrenia and depression patients are self - abasement and economic diffi-culties respectively. The guardians of the patients have paid more attention to their friends, marriage, future and medication com- pliance. More resources should be invested in community psychiatry to improve both prognosis and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia or depression in the community.