我国农业全要素生产率的空间差异及其收敛性研究

Spatial Difference of Agricultural Total Factor Productivity and Its Convergence in China

本文运用DEA～Malmquist指数方法，测算了1978～2008年间中国农业全要素生产率的时序演进和空间分布，并对其进行了收敛性检验。结果表明。1978～2008年，中国农业全要素生产率以年均4.3％的速度增长，其中技术进步年均增长4．7％，而技术效率年均下降0．4％，可见农业技术进步和创新是促使中国农业全要素生产率稳步增长的主要源泉动力。同时，中国农业全要素生产率呈现出明显的地区差异，东部地区的农业全要素生产率增长率和技术进步增长率明显地高于中、西部地区，在技术效率上，中、西部地区均有不同程度的恶化。农业全要素生产率收敛性检验表明，中国及东、中、西部地区均存在明显的a收敛和β收敛，东、中、西部地区均存在明显的“俱乐部收敛”，并朝着各自的稳定状态发展。

This paper measures the temporal and spatial nature of total factor productivity in China's agriculture from 1978 to 2005 with DEA-Malmquist index. The result shows that total factor productivity grew at 3.8% annually with technical progress increasing by 4.2% and technical efficiency declining by 0.3%. Technical progress and innovation has been the main source of power for the increase in agriculture total factor productivity. Meanwhile, there are obvious regional differences in agricultural total factor productivity with eastern region's growth rate of total factor productivity and technical progress higher than central and western regions. The convergence test of total factor productivity indicates that all the three regions have club-convergence and develop towards its steady status respectively.