清末民初云南沿边山区的弹压委员——历史人类学的考察

On the Suppressing Officials in Mountainous Border Areas of Yunnan in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Period of the Republic of China:A Review from the Perspective of Historical Anthropology

明清"改土归流"尚未触及云南西部土司,致使云南西部边疆地区仍为典型的土司政治格局。时至晚清,西南边疆危机日益深化,严重威胁到国家利益。为此,晚清政府尝试推动滇西土司地区的政区改革,于滇西北设弹压委员;民国初年,李根源组织殖边队武力开辟怒俅边区,设置行政委员;同时,在滇西十土司区分设五个弹压委员,进一步推动边疆政区改革。这一过程拉开了强化边疆社会管控的序幕,也是在政区改革基础上"改土归流"的过程,在应对边疆危机、维护国家主权力利益等方面起到了极大的作用。

The movement of Changing Tribal Authorities to Court Officials in the Ming and Qing Dy- nasties did not affect the Tusi system in Western Yunnan Province, where the typical Tusi political pattern remained for a long time. The increasing crisis of the areas in late Qing Dynasty had brought serious threats to the national interest. The court at the time attempted to dispatch Suppressing Officials to the areas so as to promote its administrative district reform. In the early period of the Republic of China, Li Genyuan, sending frontier reclaimation troops to Nujiang area and Dulongjiang area, estab- lished an administrative district with an executive authority. At the same time, 5 Suppressing Officials were sent to the l0 Tusi districts, further promoting the reform of administrative districts in the border areas of Western Yunnan. Though the reform was a prelude to strengthen the control of border areas as well as the process of Changing Tribal Authorities to Court Officials based on administrative district reforms, it played a significant role in dealing with border crisis and national sovereignty safeguarding.