建筑玻璃板在爆炸荷载下的破碎性能(Ⅰ)——理论模型

Fragmentation performance of glass plate under blast loading—Part Ⅰ: theoretical model

爆炸、恐怖袭击等事件的发生常常引起建筑物外表面门窗玻璃的破碎、跌落以及玻璃碎片的飞溅,除了爆炸冲击波对建筑物内的直接冲击造成的损害之外,爆炸引起的玻璃碎片的飞溅常常是造成建筑物内人员伤亡和财产损失的另一个主要原因。针对爆炸事故中玻璃碎片产生的次生灾害,重点探讨爆炸荷载下玻璃碎片的破碎性能及其危害范围。基于能量守恒原理,分析建筑玻璃板在爆炸荷载下的破碎特征,提出玻璃板破碎后产生的玻璃碎片的抛射速度理论模型;根据动力学方程,考虑玻璃碎片飞溅过程中速度变化的影响因素,研究玻璃碎片的抛射速度变化和飞溅距离,确立爆炸荷载下玻璃碎片的飞行轨迹。另一篇系列文章将通过现场的爆炸试验验证本文公式的准确性。

Under the frequent terrorist bomb attacks and various bomb events occurring all over the world, glass panels outside the building surface will shatter and fall in the explosion and produce high velocity fragments. Besides the building damage due to explosion shock wave, serious casualty and economical loss is mainly caused by the splashing of glass fragments. Aiming at the secondary disasters produced by glass fragments, the crushing performance and hazard range of glass fragments under the explosion incidents are discussed. Based on the energy conservation principle, the fracture characteristics of glass plate under explosion were analyzed. The projection velocities of glass fragments produced by the broken glass were studied and splash speed theory model of glass fragments was established. The flight path is proposed by solving the acceleration equations established according to the variations of motion direction and force direction of the fragment. The accuracy of the formulas is proved by the test results in the companion paper.