吸油材料的研究进展

Development in oil-absorption materials

随着全球经济的快速发展,各国石油的需求量呈现出加剧的趋势.石油开采、油品运输等过程产生的泄露和油类废弃物对海洋和淡水生态环境造成了严重的破坏.因此,研究开发高效、清洁、循环使用的吸油材料实现油水分离成为近期研究热点.吸油材料可以分为无机吸油材料和有机吸油材料两大类.无机吸油材料因制备简单、成本低、吸油倍率高受到广泛关注;其中疏水亲油的海绵状石墨烯吸油材料因对各种油品适用性好、吸附速率快、吸油效率高、循环能力强得到较好的发展.有机类吸油材料在循环利用率、吸附速率方面明显高于无机吸油材料.有机吸油材料的研究旨在提高其吸油倍率、循环利用率和吸附速率等性能指标.针对两种吸油材料的特点,结合不同改性方法的制备工艺,开发新型、绿色、高吸油率的吸油材料是未来研究的重点.

Oil demand presents the intensified trend with the rapid development of the world＇s economy.Spill and waste oil have caused damaging impacts on the marine and freshwater environment during crude production and oil shipment processing.Therefore,recent research was carried out to provide efficient,clean,reusable materials to clean up oil spill.Oil-sorbent materials can be grouped into two major classes,namely organic oil-sorbent material and inorganic oil-sorbent material.Inorganic oil-sorbent material has received extensive attention for its property advantages of simple preparation,low cost,high oil absorption.Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic graphene-based sponges are demonstrated as efficient absorbents for their high selectivity,fast adsorption rate,excellent absorption capacities and good recyclability.Recyclability and adsorption rate of organic oil-sorbent material are much better than those of inorganic oil-sorbent material.The study of organic oil-sorbent material focuses on improving adsorption rate,absorption capacities and recyclability.The study of new green oil-sorbent material with high sorption capacities should be paid attention in the future.