油菜小麦兼用型气力式精量排种器

Design of Dual-purpose Pneumatic Precision Metering Device for Rape and Wheat

长江流域油菜与小麦播种期相邻,为提高播种机具的利用率,设计了一种油菜小麦兼用型气力式精量排种器,提出了一种小麦排种盘内表面嵌入导种条以提高充种率的新型结构。确定了该排种器的工作原理及其主要结构与性能参数,试验研究了排种性能指标与排种盘转速、吸种区负压、投种区正压的关系。试验结果表明:该排种器能满足油菜和小麦兼用排种的功能;在小麦排种盘内表面嵌入导种条可使平均合格指数相对提高27.31%,平均漏播指数相对降低25.86%;当排种器转速、吸种区负压、投种区正压分别为18 r/min、-2 200 Pa、400 Pa时,油菜精量播种合格指数为90.02%,漏播指数为2.59%;当排种器转速、吸种区负压分别为15 r/min、-2 300 Pa时,小麦精量播种合格指数为90.62%,漏播指数为2.96%。田间试验表明:该排种器播种精度高,可满足油菜和小麦种植农艺要求。

To improve the use efficiency of seeder, a pneumatic precision metering device for rapeseed and wheat was designed in view of the adjacency of sowing time of rape and wheat in Yangtze river valley, and a new kind of structure of wheat seeding plate working principle, main structure and performance analyzed and determined; experimental study on the with seed guiding strips inlaid was presented. The parameters of the pneumatic metering seeder were relationships between main performance indices and rotating speed of seeding plate, negative pressure in sucking chamber and positive pressure in releasing chamber were carried out. The test indicated that the device works well with both rapeseed and wheat seed; the wheat seeding plate inlaid with guiding strips enhances wheat quality index by 27.31% and reduces missing index by 25.86% ; for precision sowing rapeseed, when the rotating speed of seeding plate is 18 r/min, negative pressure, positive pressure, the quality index and the missing index are -2 200 Pa, 400 Pa, 90. 02% and 2. 59%, respectively; for precision sowing wheat seed, when the rotating speed of seeding plate is 15 r/min,negative pressure,the quality index of single row and the missing index are -2 300 Pa, 90. 62% and 2. 96%, respectively. And the test in field indicated that the device is provided with highmetering accurateness and meets agronomic requirement of planting rapeseed and wheat.