地上部与地下部作用对玉米/大豆间作优势的影响

Effect of Above-and Below-Ground Interactions on Maize /Soybean Intercropping Advantage

通过对不同分隔方式下玉米/大豆间作的养分吸收量、光合参数与产量等的测定,分析地上部和地下部的资源竞争作用。试验设置4种间作分隔方式和2种单作处理:地上地下均不分隔(T1),地上地下均分隔(T2),仅地下分隔(T3),仅地上分隔(T4),单作玉米(T5)与单作大豆(T6)。结果表明,对于籽粒产量和生物学产量的土地当量比,T1为1.23和1.20,T2为0.97和0.91,T3为1.01和1.02,T4为1.10和1.08。玉米相对大豆的资源竞争能力,T1为0.79,T2为-0.08,T3为0.14,T4为0.39。玉米相对大豆的氮、磷、钾营养竞争比率,T1为1.63、1.92和1.50,T2为1.05、1.03和1.06,T3为1.28、1.32和1.27,T4为1.47、1.43和1.36。除拔节期外,T1玉米的净光合速率P n、蒸腾速率T r、气孔导度G s与细胞间隙CO2浓度C i最高;T4略低于T1,但差异不显著;T2和T3均显著低于T1;除分枝期外,T1大豆的P n、T r、G s与C i最低;T4略高于T1;T2和T3均显著高于T1。综上所述,对于玉米/大豆的间作优势而言,地上部与地下部的相互作用大于单一因素的作用,其次,地下部作用大于地上部作用。

The nutrient uptake, photosynthesis and yield of different separation methods were measured to analyze resource competition from above-and below-ground interaction. The treatments included no shoot or root separation （T1）, shoot and root separation （T2）, root separation （ T3 ）, shoot separation （T4）, sole maize （TS） and soybean （T6）. The land equivalent ratios of grain yield and biomass were 1.23 and 1.20 for T1, 0.97 and 0.91 for T2, 1.01 and 1.02 for T3, 1. 10 and 1.08 for T4, respectively. Competiveness of maize relative to soybean was 0.79 for T1 , - 0.08 for T2, 0. 14 for T3 and 0.39 for T4, respectively. The nutrient competitive ratios of maize relative to soybean were 1.63, 1.92 and 1.50 forT1; 1.05, 1.03 and 1.06 for T2; 1.28, 1.32 and 1.27 for T3; 1.47, 1.43 and 1.36 for T4, respectively. Except the jointing stage, the P~, Tr, G and C~ of maize were the highest for T1 ; and the values for T4 were the second; and the values for T2 and T3 were remarkable lower than that for T1. Except the branching stage, the parameters of soybean were the lowest for T1, and the values for T2 and T3 were significantly higher than that for T1. In summary, as for maize/soybean intercropping advantages, the interactions of above- and below-ground parts was greater than that under the action of single factor, and there was greater role from below-ground part than above-ground part.