儿童闭塞性细支气管炎的诊治进展

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans in children

闭塞性细支气管炎在儿童中是一种相对少见而严重的慢性阻塞性肺疾病，与小气道损伤有关，通常病变局限在终末细支气管。起病年龄主要发生于婴幼儿时期，多由感染引起。主要临床特点是反复或持续气促、喘息、咳嗽，运动耐力差，肺部有湿啰音和喘鸣音。对支气管扩张剂无反应。近年随着诊疗技术及临床医师对该病认识水平的提高，该病在儿童中报道发病例数增多。为进一步加强儿科医师对闭塞性细支气管炎的认识，本文就闭塞性细支气管炎的近年诊治进展作一简要综述。

Bronchiolitis obliterans is a rare form of chronic obstructive lung disease, related with small airway injury, the lesion is usually confined to the terminal bronchioles. Bronchiolitis obliterans often occurs in infants and young children period, and mostly results from infection. Its main clinical features include repeated or persistent tachypnea, wheezing, cough, and exercise intolerance, rales or crackles in lung auscultation, it has no response to bronchodilator. In recent years, the number of new cases in children has been raising since the improvement of diagnosis and treatment as same as the clinicians understanding of disease. This review introduces the progress in diagnosis and treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans in children to strengthen the understanding of pediatrist to the disease.