“休谟问题”与近现代法学

Hume's Problem and Modern Law Science

休谟问题主要是有关"是"与"应当"的关系、事实与价值的关系、"实然"与"应然"的关系、事实判断与价值判断的关系,以及价值判断的正当性、逻辑推理的有效性的问题。休谟法则是指在回答休谟问题或解释休谟问题时所得出的某种结论或某个观点。近现代法学是受"休谟问题"影响最深、引述"休谟法则"最多的领域之一,各种近现代法学流派及其代表人物的学说和思想,几乎都与休谟法则有关。"休谟问题"和"休谟法则"是引导乃至决定近现代法学论战、发展和演变的主要理论动力之一。在法学研究中应该正确、全面地理解和评价"休谟问题",而不是简单地回避它;应该通过说明去化解"休谟法则",而不应该盲目地崇拜它或简单地否定它。

Hume's problem is not only related to relations between 'is' and 'ought', between fact and value, between 'it is' and 'it ought to be', and between fact judgment and value judgment, but also related to the legitimacy of value judgment and the validity of logical reasoning. Hume's law refers to some conclusion or view in answering or explaining Hume's problem. Hume's problem produces deep effect on the modern law science which is the one of area premising Hume's law most. Hume's law is related to various legal schools and their representative's views and thoughts. Hume's problem and Hume's law is one of the theoretical drives guiding and determining the debates, the development and changes of the modern law science. We should correctly and comprehensively understand and estimate Hume's problem, but not just avoid it simply. And we also should dissolve Hume's law by explaining, but not blindly worship it or just simply deny it.