外资如何提高内资企业生产效率——“己厂效应”还是企业间溢出?

How Does FDI Improve Domestic Enterprises' Productivity: "Own-plant Effect" or Inter-enterprise Spillover?

外资进入是否有助于我国内资企业生产效率的提高？有关外国直接投资溢出效应的众多研究尚无一致结论，其中一个重要原因在于差异样本数据的使用以及对企业内部技术溢出效应的忽视。本文使用我国1998～2007年的微观企业数据，从企业内部和企业之间（包括行业内和行业间）两个角度检验了外资溢出效应，并进一步讨论了市场化进程对于外资溢出效应的动态影响。我们在近177万份观测样本中发现，外资参股能够显著提高参股企业的生产效率水平，“己厂效应”为正；外资进入对内资企业的前向关联效应显著为正，但是后向关联并不显著；外资对同行业内资企业的溢出作用是不确定的。进一步考察制度因素发现，在当前的市场化进程下，外国投资的正向溢出作用正在逐渐弱化。

Whether foreign investment can help domestic enterprises improve production efficiency? Studies on FDI spillover effects have no consistent conclusions,two important reasons are the use of different sample data and the neglect of intra-enterprise technology spillover effect. This paper uses micro enterprise data of 1998 ~ 2007,examines three major foreign investment spillover effects and further discusses the dynamic effects of market process for foreign spillovers. In nearly 1,770,000 observed sample,it finds that foreign equity participation can significantly improve the equity production efficiency, ' own-plant effect' is positive; forward linkage effect is significantly positive,but the backward effect is not significant; intra-industry spillover effect is uncertain. Further research finds that in the current market process,the positive spillover effects of foreign investment are gradually weakened.