集中注意影响优秀游泳运动员成绩的研究

The Study of the Influence of Attentional Focus upon Expertise Swimmer Results

运用实验、数据分析和问卷调查等研究方法,检验了注意力集中在不同焦点时对一些优秀游泳运动员速度成绩的影响。调查问卷结果显示,在对照组(没有任何注意指导)里大部分的运动员是把注意力集中在外部注意,然而对照组里的其他人没有任何的注意。此外,实验后分析表明,对照组和外部注意组游泳的时间差异不显著,但内部注意组的游泳速度比对照组和外部注意组都要慢。结果表明,对于优秀运动员来说与身体有关联的内部注意会阻碍游泳时的速度及表现,外部注意显示可以提高动作的自动性,从而提高成绩。而且,当游泳动作已经自动地被控制并达到了很高的技能水准时,无注意和外部注意都会提高运动成绩。

By means of experimentation, data analyzing and quesuun~ upon different focuses affect the swinuning speed of some expertise swimmers. The questionnaire results showed that most swimmers in the control group （with no instruction） focused on the external focus, while other swimmers in the control group focused on nothing. Furthermore, the experimental analyzed demonstrate the swimming time differences between the control group and the external attentional focus group were not obvious, but internal attentional focus group swimmers were slower than those from either group. The results showed that internal attentional focus in relation to body positions hinders swimming speed and performance, while external attentionai focus upon motion effect was opposed to enhance automation, thus promote results. When the swimming motion was manipulated into automation of the highest level, both no focus and external focus promote results.