中、美两国中学生田径比赛短跑发展态势及区域性分布特征的比较研究

Comparative Study on Distribution Characteristics and Development Trend of Chinese and American Students' Sprint Performance

采用文献资料调研、数理统计、比较分析等方法对2004—2012年中、美两国中学生田径比赛短跑前8名成绩及运动员区域性分布进行统计分析,对短跑成绩的递进系数、定基、环比发展态势以及运动员区域性分布进行研究。结果表明,中国中学生男子短跑项目发展状况和稳定状况均优于女子短跑项目;美国中学生女子短跑项目发展状况优于男子短跑项目;2004年,我国中学生短跑成绩从略低于美国中学生(400m跑项目成绩优于美国)到2012年已经发展成为从质量和数量都远远落后于美国;中国中学生男子短跑发展较好的前3名省(直辖市)是北京、吉林、湖北;中学生女子短跑发展较好的前3名省(直辖市)是湖北、北京、四川。中学生男、女短跑发展态势呈现区域性,且区域性差距很大。

This paper, utilizing methods of literature review, mathematical statistics, and com- parative study, aims to dissect Chinese and American high school students＂ top eight sprint performance including sprint progressive coefficient, fixed base, and sequential development situation in the period from 2004 to 2012 and carry out statistical analysis on athletes ~ region- al distribution. The results show that Chinese male students~ sprint performance is superior to those of female students ~ in development and stability while American high school students are in a converse situation, and that the inferiority of Chinese high school students ~ sprint per- formance to those of American high school students ~ has developed from a gentle degree in 2004 into a far-behind lag in 2012, both in quality and quantity. The results also show that Chinese male sprint is most developed in Beijing, Hubei and Jilin while Chinese female sprint in Hubei, Beijing and Sichuan. This paper also finds out that the development trend of students sprint, whether male or female, presents a regionalism thus there are huge regional disparities.