觱篥与宋词演唱机制

Tartar Pipe and Its Role in the Performance of Song Lyrics

兼具音乐演奏和作战辅助双重功能的"笳管",秦汉之际传入中国,并流行于南北朝。其在唐代被称为"觱篥",并成为雅乐和教坊的领奏乐器——"头管",同时也是定音乐器;筚篥谱成为乐工记录曲调的重要方式。在宋代,觱篥因其独特的音色、构造与宋词风格相契合,其功能在宋词演唱的领奏、伴奏、独奏中发挥至极致,觱篥演奏成为宋词演唱的标志。宋以后慢词演唱消歇而戏曲勃兴,觱篥在乐舞表演中的主导功能让位于笛,逐渐成为民间曲艺的普通乐器。

The trill pipe introduced into China during the Qin and Han Dynasties became popular in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It was known as Bili( 觱篥, Tartar Pipe) and became the major musical instrument in the Tang official ceremonial functions.As a tuning instrument, it was commonly used to record music tunes. In Song Dynasty, because its timbre fits the Lyrics, Tartar pile became a major musical instrument in performance of Lysics. When Song Lyrics became less popular and was replaced by opera, bamboo flute gradually took over the role of the Tartar pile.