支气管哮喘急性发作期的病原学分析

Etiological characteristics of bronchial asthma of acute exacerbation

目的分析支气管哮喘急性发作期的病原菌分布特点,为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供参考。方法选择2007年7月-2011年12月医院治疗的136例支气管哮喘急性发作期患者为研究对象,采集患者的痰液、血液进行病原学检测,观察病原体分布特点。结果 136例支气管哮喘急性发作期患者中检出支原体属30株,检出率为22.1%,检出衣原体属33株,检出率为24.3%,两者比较差异无统计学意义;检出合胞病毒19株,检出率为14.0%,明显高于其他病毒的检出率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);检出卡他莫拉菌36株,检出率为26.5%,与其他细菌的检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论支气管哮喘急性发作与病原体感染关系密切,其中病毒感染呼吸道合胞病毒的检出率最高,非典型微生物感染支原体属与衣原体属的检出率差异不大,细菌感染卡他莫拉菌的检出率最高,临床上可根据病原体分布特点进行合理用药。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the distribution of pathogens during the acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma so as to provide guidance for the reasonable use of antibiotics.METHODS A total of 136 cases of bronchial asthma of acute exacerbation,who were treated in the hospital from Jul 2007 to Dec 2011,were enrolled in the study, then the sputum and blood were sampled from the subjects for etiological test,and the etiological distribution was observed.RESULTS Of totally 136 cases of bronchial asthma of exacerbation,Mycoplasmahas been detected in 30 cases with the detection rate of 22.1%,and Chlamydia has been detected in 33cases with the detection rate of 24.3%,the difference was not significant;syncytial virus has been detected in 19 cases with the detection rate of 14.0%,significantly higher than that of other species of virus,the difference was significant（P0.05）;Moraxella catarrhalis has been detected in 36 cases with the detection rate of 26.5%,as compared with the detection rates of other bacteria,the difference was significant（P0.05）.CONCLUSIONThe bronchial asthma of acute exacerbation is closely related to the infections with the pathogens,the detection rate of the syncytial virus causing respiratory tract infection is the highest,the detection rates of atypical Mycoplasma and Chlamydia causing the infections do not vary significantly,while the detection rate of M.catarrhalisis the highest;the antibiotics should be used based on the characteristics of distribution of the pathogens.