口腔科医院感染危险因素分析及防护对策

Risk factors for cross infections in department of stomatology and protection countermeasures

目的分析口腔科引起交叉感染的危险因素,提出有效的防护对策。方法对2010年1月-2012年12月的216例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,均进行乙型肝炎病毒检测,按是否感染乙型肝炎分为感染组和未感染组,比较两组患者在治疗中的器械消毒灭菌、废物处理、空气质量及易感人群等情况。结果 216例患者中检测得出HBsAg阳性52例,阳性率24.07%,经研究发现,感染组52例患者中,治疗时器械表面检测出细菌数(103±12)CFU/cm2、空气中为(3.6±0.3)CFU/m3,易感人群有28例;未感染组164例患者中,治疗时器械表面检测出细菌数(63±11)CFU/cm2、空气中为(2.2±0.2)CFU/m3,易感人群有27例;在废物处理方面,未感染组显著优于感染组,两组在治疗时器械、空气细菌数、废物处理及易感人员数量方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论空气、器械污染、废物处理不当、易感人群为口腔科交叉感染的危险因素,在治疗过程中,应采取有效的防护措施避免交叉感染。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors for cross infections in the department of stomatology and put forward effective protection countermeasures.METHODS The clinical data of 216patients who were treated in the hospital from Jan 2010 to Dec 2012were retrospectively analyzed,then all the subjects underwent the detection of hepatitis B virus,the subjects were divided into the infections group and the non-infection group according to the status of infection with hepatitis B,the disinfection of instruments during the treatment,disposal of medical waste,air quality,and susceptible populations were observed and compared between the two groups.RESULTS Of all the 216patients,52cases were tested positive for HBsAg with the positive rate of 24.07%.The study suggested that the bacterial colony counts on the instrument surfaces were（103±12）CFU/cm2 in the infection group with 52cases,（63±11）CFU/cm2 in the non-infection group with 164cases;the bacterial colony counts in the air were（3.6±0.3）CFU/m3 in the infection group,（2.2±0.2）CFU/m3 in the non-infection group;there were 28 cases at high risk for infections in the infection group and 27cases in the non-infection group.The medical waste disposal of the non-infection group was significantly better than that of the infection group.The difference in the bacterial colony counts of the instruments,the bacterial colony counts in the air,medical waste disposal,or the number of patients at high risk for infections between the two groups was significant（P0.05）.CONCLUSION The risk factors for the cross infections in the department of stomatology include the air pollution,inappropriate disposal of medical waste,and susceptible populations,and the effective protection measures should be taken to avoid the cross infections during the treatment.