“农转非”之后的社会经济地位获得研究

Socioeconomic Attainment after Obtaining Urban Hukou

利用CGSS2008、2010和2011年的数据,本文将目前城镇劳动力市场中拥有城镇户籍的人口分为两个群体:经历了从农业户籍到非农户籍转换(农转非)的群体和未经历农转非的群体(出生时即为城镇户籍),并比较了这两个群体的社会经济地位获得。研究发现,在控制了其他变量的情况下,相对于非农转非群体,农转非群体无论是在职业的社会经济地位指数,还是在拥有管理技术类职业的几率方面,都具有显著优势。进一步的考察发现,这种优势并非存在于所有经历了农转非的群体之中,在幼年至青壮年时期获得城镇户籍的人,其未来在城镇劳动力市场上的发展优于非农转非群体,而在青壮年期之后获得城镇户籍的人口则很可能成为城镇劳动力市场上的底层。我们因此得出结论,城镇户籍的开放可能只是有利于特定的群体。

Using the data from CGSS2008,2010 and 2011,this research divides labor force in urban labor market with urban hukou into two groups:group born with urban hukou(urban natives) and group gained urban hukou after birth(nongzhuanfei).The paper compares the two groups' socioeconomic attainment,including socioeconomic index and occupational attainment,and finds that hukou migrants own a certain degree of 'migrants or nongzhuanfei advantages' :they have relatively higher socioeconomic index as well as better chance in getting skilled jobs.Further exploration shows that this kind of migrant advantages does not distribute evenly among people who have experienced hukou migration.People who obtained urban hukou after middle-age actually fall into the bottom of urban labor market.Therefore,we conclude that the urban hukou opening policy which is called for during current urbanization movement can only bring benefits to part of people who have non-urban hukou.