交换、福利抑或挤占——残障人士的保护性就业

Exchange,Welfare or Exploitation:Right-at-work of disabled people under the protective employment

在保护性就业政策安排下,有支持性就业需要的残障人士的工作权实现状况如何?不同政策支持和组织类型下的残障人士工作权实现是否存在差异?本文发展了一个工作整合的分析框架,透过工作内权利实现的充分程度和福利化程度,在理论上区分出现实中残障人士工作权实现的三种情形:交换、福利和挤占。透过对三个不同经济性质福利企业残障员工工作权实现情况的深描,发现劳动挤占或侵害的情形是存在的,福利企业对残障员工的聘用充满经济理性和利益计算,残障人士的就业安全政策体系停留在消极福利供给模式阶段,国家责任在其中严重缺位。

How the right-at-work of disabled people was realized under the protective employment policy? Were there any different characteristics in different business organizations under different supporting policies? The paper developed an analytical framework of work integration to distinguish three different situations in which right-atwork of disabled people was realized;exchange,welfare and exploitation.Through indepth description of three cases of welfare factories,the author found work discrimination and exclusions in the factories.Welfare factories were economically rational when hiring the disabled people,and the state's responsibilities were absent during the process.