锂离子电池硅基负极材料的研究进展

Research progress of silicon based anode materials for Li-ion battery

硅基材料作为锂离子负极材料具有很高的比容量,成为锂离子电池负极材料的研究重点。然而硅在充放电过程中体积变化较大,引起电池容量的快速衰减,从而导致电池循环性能变差。不同方式复合的硅基复合材料被大量地开发出来,以提高纯硅的循环性能,从硅/金属复合材料、硅/碳复合材料、硅薄膜材料及纳米结构的硅材料四个方面对硅基负极材料的制备方法、电化学性能及其研究现状进行综述,分析硅材料作为锂离子电池负极材料存在的问题,讨论硅材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究前景。

Silicon-based materials were extensively studied as the typical anode materials in lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity. However, silicon exhibits a drastic volume variation during the charge-discharge process, the battery capacity was attenuated rapidly and battery＇s poor cycle performance was leaded. Silicon composite materials in different ways were explored intensely to improve the cycle performance of simple silicon. Silicon composite materials with four aspects including the silicon/metal composite materials, silicon/carbon composite materials, silicon thin film materials and nanostructure silicon were discussed. The preparation processes, electrochemical performance and recent development of silicon-based anode materials were reviewed systematically. The problems and prospects for the silicon composite materials were also discussed.