思想史与学术史:异同之辨与观念自觉——以当前的马克思主义哲学研究为例

Ideological History and Cultural History: Similarities and Differences and Concept of Consciousness——In the research on Marx's philosophy at present as an example

思想是对客观事物及其本质和规律的理性把握,学术则是指在各个专业领域中发生作用的、学理性的系统知识。思想活动与学术活动存在很多相通之处,同时又在活动主体、活动特点、活动原则等方面存在着差异。与此相对应,思想史研究和学术史研究具有很大的交织性,但在研究目标、理论任务、对象范围、功能性质等方面又具有一定的差异性。这就要求我们于实际的研究活动中在二者之间保持一个相对合理的界限。当前马克思主义哲学研究中存在的片面倾向是未能合理区分这种差异的表现。与此同时,强调区别与差异,并非否认它们之间的统一性,而且绝不能把二者对立起来,否则同样会造成研究中的片面倾向。学术史的书写应当注意学术研究的基本要求,从而保持学术史的固有特征。

Thought is the rational master of objective things and their essences and principles, and aca-demic learning is systematic knowledge. They have similarities and differences, so the researches of ideological history and academic history have been woven, but they have differences in target, theoretical task, function and so on. However, now in the researches of Marxist philosophy differences are not told rationally, but it does not mean that telling differences denies their unity. In the writing of academic history, basic demands of academic researches should be paid more attention to.