明代文人与行卷

On scholars and xing juan of Ming Dynasty

行卷是由唐代科举衍生的一个重要文化现象,很多士子借助行卷的方式得以登第。但宋以降,由于采取弥封、誊录等措施,降低了行卷在科举考试中的作用。学者大多认为,行卷在唐、宋之后便不复存在,但实际上,行卷之风在明代中后期再次兴盛,士子又奔竞于名公贵人之门。明代文人的诗文集收录了许多有关行卷的文章,特别是明代文人相互标榜及结社等风气的盛行,为明代行卷的兴盛提供了有利条件,从而对文人心态、社会风气等产生了较大影响。

Xing juan is an important cultural phenomenon of Tang Dynasty, many scholars have passed the imperial examination by the way. Since Song Dynasty take some measures like copy out and seal examination paper, which reduce the role of xing juan in the examination. Some learned men believe that the xing juan has disappeared after Tang and Song Dynasty, but actually flourish again in the later of Ming Dynasty, and the scholar who rush about people of quality again. Scholar＇s poems include many articles about xing juan, especially the general mood of boost and association which provide favorable conditions for the xing juan, and exercise a great influence on the mind of and social conduct, etc.