成都市城区0～14岁哮喘儿童患病规律研究

Research on incidence regularity of childhood asthma aged 0～14 years old in Chengdu urban district

目的分析2010年成都市城区0～14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查资料，寻找哮喘儿童的某些发病规律和影响因素。方法对551例筛查出的哮喘儿童，由统一的呼吸专科医师采用回顾性调查填表法，进行出生时间、首次哮喘发作年龄、哮喘发作频率及诱发因素、被动吸烟、家族哮喘及其它过敏病史、出生及喂养情况等的调查和分析；对照组270例为同时调查儿童中无过敏性疾病及反复呼吸道感染病史的健康儿童。结果1）儿童哮喘患病率及哮喘的发作频率男童明显高于女童；2）不同的出生季节可影响哮喘的首次发病年龄，秋季出生儿童的起病年龄最小；哮喘的首次发病年龄越小，哮喘的发作频率越高；3）哮喘儿童中有哮喘家族史及其它过敏史者明显高于健康儿童；呼吸道感染是儿童哮喘发病的最主要诱因，而被动吸烟、家庭装修、剖宫产及早期使用抗生素是哮喘发病的危险因素；4）出生后母乳喂养对哮喘的发病具有保护作用。结论儿童哮喘的发病与遗传特异质有密切关系，众多的外界环境因素影响着疾病的发生、发展和严重性。

Objective To find out the incidence regularity and relevant risk factors of childhood （0- 14 years old） asthma by investigating the prevalence in Chengdu city in 2010. Methods A total of 551 children diagnosed by asthma and 270 healthy children were recruited in this study, retrospective investigation was used by respiratory disease specialists for the survey and analysis of factors such as date of birth,the age of the first asthmatic attack,incidence and inducing factors of asthmatic attack,passive smoking,family history of asthma and other allergies, birth and feeding conditions. Results 1） Morbidity rate and seizure frequency of childhood asthma in boys were significantly higher than those in girls. 2）The age of the first asthmatic attack was effected by the season of birth, that the children born in autumn had the minimum onset age, and the younger of the first asthmatic attack the higher of the asthmatic frequency of childhood asthma. 3）Family history of asthma and other allergies were more common in asthmatic children compared with that in the healthy ones. Respiratory tract infection was the major cause of childhood asthma and other risk factors including passive smoking, home decoration, cesarean section and the early use of antibiotics were also revealed. 4）Breast feeding after birth benefited the prevention of asthma. Conclusion The onset of childhood asthma is closely related to genetic diathesis,numerous environmental factors affect the happening, development and severity of the disease.