建构刑事政策指引的构成要件理论

On Elements Theory of Consturction of the Criminal Pollicy Guidelines

刑法体系不应当是封闭的体系,它需要刑事政策的引导才能成为具有效益的体系。但是,刑事政策的介入也不能过度,其应以刑法体系为边界。在构成要件理论的发展过程中,刑事政策起到了重要的推动作用。从贝林所建构的构成要件论到以刑事政策为导向的构成要件论,刑事政策对于刑法体系的影响完成了从"体系外推进"到"体系内指引"的转变。构成要件最重要的机能——罪刑法定主义,本身就深深地渗透着刑事政策的思想。构成要件的解释不是机械的逻辑涵摄,而是一个从构成要件中挖掘规范含义的过程。构成要件的解释应当坚持解释方法的位阶性,并且通过刑法规范保护目的(法益保护)来指引构成要件的解释,以促进刑事政策与刑法体系的有机结合。

The criminal law system should not be closed.If the criminal law system expected to be an effective system,it needs to be directed by criminal policy.However,the criminal policy should not intervene too deeply,and it should be limited in the boundary of criminal system.In the developing process of Tatbestand,the criminal policy had played an important promoting role.From Berling to Roxin’s theory of Tatbestand,the effects of criminal policy on criminal law system have transformed from “promoting out of the system”to “directing in the system”.The most significant function of Tatbestand,the principle of legality,is deeply revolved with the essence of criminal policy.The interpretation of Tatbestand is not the result of inflexible Subsumtion,but a process of discovering normative meaning from Tatbestand.The interpretation of Tatbestand should stick to the steps of interpretative theory,and directed by the normative goal of criminal law,in order to properly combine criminal policy and criminal law system.