论美国商标俗称司法实践中的公众使用规则

Discussion on the Public Use Rule in United States Judicial Practice of Trademark Nicknames

通过对美国商标俗称的经典判例进行分析和对其贯穿的公众使用规则进行思辨性的探讨,并对公众使用规则的内涵进行梳理发现:除现有学者所研究的公众使用规则所包含的俗称对应者的类似使用和公众使用之目的两步判断法之外,还应包含规则适用的对象范围、禁止反言规则、通用名称之抗辩以及保护消费者原则和在先原则之平衡等。公众使用规则中针对具体案件情况中的利益衡量机制,为我国近年来饱受争议的商标俗称案件提供了借鉴。

Teasing the implication of the rule through the analysis of United States j udicial practice of trademark nicknames and speculative thinking of public use rule.In addition to two steps of the analogous use of the nickname and the pupose of the public use,the implication including :the application of the rule,equitable estoppel,the defense of generic designation and the balance of consumer protection principle and the priority principle.Provide feasible ideas with a reference for the disputes of trademark nickname in our country in recent years .