大型天线轮轨接触研究综述

Contact in Wheel-Rail Systems for Large Radio Telescopes: A Review

大型天线的发展对指向跟踪精度提出更高的要求,当大型射电天线方位转动部分采用轮轨式结构时,轮轨精度对指向误差的影响、轮轨的磨损成了亟待解决的问题。首先论述了轮轨式天线座的优缺点,回顾了国内外现有典型的射电天线在轮轨结构系统方面以及指向误差修正方法的研究现状;并借鉴了轨道交通系统与轮轨式起重机系统的研究成果,介绍了轮轨接触理论自创立以来形成的经典理论及其存在的局限性,最后总结了轮轨式天线座轮轨接触研究存在的问题及研究方向。

Increasingly higher pointing accuracies are required of large telescopes. When wheel-track systems are deployed in the azimuth adjustment mechanism of large radio telescopes,it is vital that the influence of inaccuracies within such systems on pointing errors,as well as the effects of erosion on such inaccuracies,be studied and understood. This paper presents an analysis of the advantages and shortcomings of the wheel-rail type pedestal,as well as a general review of wheel-rail systems and related pointing calibration methods. Contemporary wheel-rail systems for large radio telescopes are prone to many problems,such as frictional wear,fatigue cracks,and irregularities. Methods by which such problems are mitigated and / or circumvented currently consist mainly of modifications to the structure,material,and production processes of the track. By comparing the characteristics of common wheel-rail systems and referencing results of previous studies on the orbit traffic and crane,the classical theory of wheel-rail contact and its limitations were introduced,and the main outstanding challenges for future research in this field were summarized.