稻鸭种养模式对稻田土壤理化性状、肥力因素及水稻产量的影响

Influence of Rice-Duck Farming System on Soil Physical Properties, Fertility Factors and Yield in Paddy Fields

于2009-2010年在中国水稻研究所实验基地研究了稻鸭种养模式（RDFS）、不养鸭种稻模式（CK2）、常规高产种稻模式（CK2）对土壤理化性状、土壤养分含量及水稻产量的影响。结果表明：RDFS有效降低土壤容重，尤其是表层土壤，分别比CK。和CK：降低了2．38％和5．38％；分蘖高峰期RDFS处理的土壤氧化还原电位分别比CK2、CK2提高31．7％和4．25％；与CK2、CK：相比，RDFS处理中鸭的粪便等排泄物可分别提高土壤有机质2．04gk^-1和1．36gkg。。因此，稻鸭种养模式能有效改善土壤结构，提高土壤通透性与氧化还原电位，提升土壤肥力水平，并能比CK2减少化肥施用量。RDFS处理的平均稻谷产量比CK，增5．50％，差异达显著水准，但比CK2减4．16％，差异未达显著水准。

Taking three different planting patterns, rice-duck farming system （RDFS）, no-duck rice farming system （CK1） and conventional rice farming system （CK2） as test objects, a field experiment was conducted in the experimental farm of China National Rice Research Institute to study the effects of different planting systems on the soil properties, soil nutrient contents and rice yield. The results showed that RDFS effectively decreased soil bulk density, especially at the surface soil which decreased 2.38% and 5.38% compared with CK1 and CK2, respectively. The soil redox potential in tillering peak stage for RDFS was higher 31.7% and 4.25% than CK1 and （]K2, respectively. The duck wastes could significantly increase soil organic matter that in RDFS was higher 2.04 g kg-t and 1.36 g kg-1 than CK1 and CK2, respectively. Thus, rice-duck farming system could effectively improve soil structure, enhance soil permeability, increase soil fertility level and decrease chemical fertilizer utilization rate. The yield of RDFS increased 5.50% than it of CK1, significantly, while decreased 4.16% than it of CK2, in which the difference did not reach significant level.